Circuit control means



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Lm: (want I, Condo/Iul- Vo/af fg IHC Wille [l l ll C. B. HORSLEY CIRCUITCONTROL MEANS Filed April 19, 1953 tnllau Il Jan. l5, 1935.

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Jan. 15, 19,35, i Q B HORSLEY 1,988,008

CIRCUIT CONTROL MEANS Filed April 19, 1933 5 Shets-Sheet 2 Jan- 15,1935. c. a. HoRsLEY 1,988,008

l CIRCUIT CONTROL MEANS Filed April 19, 1933 5 Shees-Sheet 3 ci/MAM M .MMAM/MW W U Jan. l5, 1935. c. B. HoRsLEY 1,988,008

CIRCUIT CONTROL MEANS Filed April 19, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORfcrza/r. Mfrs/ey C. B. HORSLEY CIRCUIT CONTROL MEANS Jan. 15, 1935.

Filed April 19, 193,15V 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 #tri Patented 15, 1935 l UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE CIRCUIT CONTROL MEANS Caperton B. llonley, EastCleveland, Ohio, as-

lignor of one-haii to Edwin R. Goldiield, Cleveland Heights, OhioApplication April 19, 1933, Serial No. 666,920

6 Chim. (Cl. P11-119) This invention relates to means for automatiwith a.voltage of sine wave form applied to the cally modifying the funtionalrelation oi' the load terminals of the reactor. As indicated in Fig. 1,resistance or amperage to the applied voltage, in the inductances L1,La, and the capacity C are an alternating current circuit. The inventionin series relation with each other, and across the 5 takes advantage ofthe magnetic saturation charline from the generator G; and the load R isin 5 acteristlc of iron cored reactors, and its objects parallelrelation with the inductance La. are to utilize such characteristics toeffect the de- E1, En, E: and E4 represent, respectively, the scribedfunctional modification, according to the output voltage of generator G,and the voltage control characteristics desired. Thus the applied dropacross condenser C, reactor La and load R,

10 load voltage may be stabilized or maintained suband reactor L1. I1and I: represent, respectively, 10 stantially constant through a widevariation in the total current supplied by the generator, and load rorin line voltage; or theload voltthe current through reactor La. InFig. 2, these age may be made in increase as the load current voltageand current values are plotted against increases, the load voltage stillbeing substan- Iz, the current through load R. Curves repretiallyindependent of line voltage variations. senting impedances of condenserC, reactor L1, ,5

The exact nature of this invention, together and reactor La, plottedagainst load current Iz with further objects and advantages thereof.will are also shown in Fig. 2. be apparent from the followingdescription taken In operation, as the current through load R is inconnection with the accompanying drawings, increased, as by decreasingits resistance, the

in which Fig. 1 conventionally indicates an elewave form of the currentI1, changes as is indi- 20 mentary circuit illustrative of theinvention, and cated in the series of wave forms shown in Fig. 4, theremaining figures graphically illustrate perdue to the increase of theresistance component. formance characteristics of the same circuit andThe first curve A, Fig. 4, indicates the wave form its various parts.More particularly Fig. 2 is a at no load, this being a characteristicwave form g5 composite graph of the performance of the elein a circuithaving a saturated iron cored reactor 25 mentary circuit; Fig. 3represents the magnetic in series with a condenser of such value thatthe saturation characteristic 0f the iron cored revoltage drop acrossthe condenser is considerably Betel' emvleyed in the ellelllt; Fi!- 4 lSa Series greater than the voltagedrop across the reactor, of linecurrent wave forms under various condiwhen a, sine wave form of voltageis applied.

tions: Fig. 5 is a series oi load current wave forms Consideration ofthe remaining series of curves, 30 under various conditions; Fig. 6 is aseries of wave Fig. 4, will show that, as the load is successively1011115 01' Current illll'Ollgh the l'eetOl' that iS pal'- increased,lthat is, the resistance of load R deallel to the load; Fig. 'l is aseries of wave forms creased, the wave form is correspondingly 0! theVelle BCIOSS this reactor; Fig. 8 is a changed so that the ratio betweenthe peak and series 0f wave forms 0f Voltage elOSS the Otllel' the rootmean square values becomes less. Ac- 35 reactor under variousconditions; Fl$ 9 iS e cordingly, it may be seen that the degree of sat-BerleS 0f Wve 1011118 0f the Voltage ael'OSS tlle e011- uration of theiron corel of the reactor through denser lllldel Vliells Conditions;F18- 10 l-S e which this current passes will become less, even l Belles0f lille elll'rellt WVe fOllIlS lllldel' Vl'lells though the root meansquare current value 0 eendllilens Obtained When Only the elle leetel'through this reactor remains constant. Thus the 40 lS Used ln Bel'lewith the e0l1dellSel' and F18- l1 impedance of the reactor may begreater for a Shows B medmcatloll 0f' the elementary circuit wave formsuch as indicated at D, than ior a 0f F18 L wave form such as indicatedat A, even though With refelellee 110W t0 the drawings Bild llISt theroot mean square current value remain the a tel'ltl theleeltlleelementary eilelllli comprises same, and in spite of the fact that theeffective 45 l variable load. conventionally indicated bv the frequencydue to the higher harmonics included lltllee R. Pell 0f llOll eeledl'eetel's L1 lld in wave form A is greater than the effective fre- Le. acapacity C. and an alternating current quency or wave form D. 1n waveform E the eir- Iellertltel' G. F01' Simplicity 0f illustration the cuitis overloaded and the peak to root mean t reactors have been chosen withsimilar characsquare ratio has started to increase.

teristics. Fig. 3 shows the voltage-current curve With reference to Fig.2 it is seen that as the of each of these reactors, indicating thenonload current is increased the impedance of conlinear characteristicof the inductive reactance denser C is increased, due to the lowereiiective due to the magnetic saturation o! the iron core. frequency oithe 'wave form of the current through 'lhilcurveindicatelthecharacteristic obtained it, whichiscausedbytheincreaseof theresistu ancecomponent due to the increase'in the load current. However, it may beseen that although the eiective frequency is thus decreased, theimpedance ot reactor L1 is increased, due to the 5 lower peak to rootmean square ratio of the wave form, as described above. It may also benoted that the impedance of the reactor L2 increases to an even greaterextent, due to the fact that besides the peak to root mean square ratioof the current through it decreasing, as is shown by an examination ofFig. 6, the increasing load bypasses an increasing amount of current,thus further decreasing the average degree of saturation of its core.Fig. 5 indicates the wave form of the current through the load R atvarious load resistances.

Referring again to Fig. 2,` it will be seen that as the load current I:increases the load voltage E: also increases up to a certain point,beyond which the load voltage then decreases slightly.

As soon as this voltage passes below its initial no load value itdecreases rapidly, thus giving a desirable low short circuitcurrentvalue.

Fig. 7 indicates the change in the wave form of the voltage acrossreactor L2 as the load is increased. In Figs. 4 to 10, inclusive, thewave forms indicated at A are obtained when the load current is zero,the subsequent wave forms being obtained at increasingly greater loadcurrent values.

Fig. 8 indicates the change in the voltage wave form across L1 as theload is increased.

Fig. 9 indicates the change in the voltage wave form across condenser Cas the load is increased. It will be observed that line voltagestabilization is also obtained in this circuit due to the fact that thecore of reactor L2 is operated well above the kneeof its magnetizingcurve. For, though line voltage changes will make approximatelyproportional current changes through this circuit, the voltage changesacross La will be Very small for comparatively great current changesthrough it,

due to the saturation of its core. 4

Fig. 10 indicates the change in the Wave form of current I1, that wouldbe obtained were but one reactor used in this circuit, instead of twoindependent reactors with the load parallel to only one. It will benoted that whereas the peak to root mean square ratio of the currentwave form 5o decreases, the value of the current decreases much moredecidedly than is shown in Fig. 4. This is due to the fact that aresistance so connected must constitute a greater total impedance factorin the circuit than is the case in the circuit of Fig. 1, where twoindependent reactors are used.

Thus changes in load resistance of suiiicient magnitude to appreciablyaffect the current wave form or the saturation ofthe core must decreasethe degree of resonance-of thelcircuit much more 50 than is the case inthe circuit of Fig. 1, thereby increasing the total impedance oi thecircuit, and consequently decreasing the voltage across the inductancemore than this voltage is increased due to the current wave 4form changeand the lesser saturation of the core. It will, be appreciated that theload may be tapped ofl, or even magnetically coupled to its reactor L2,as illustrated in-Fig. 11, instead of directly connected in the parallelrelation indicated in Fig. 1.

7 It is apparent that for the greatestV increase in load voltage for agiven increase in load current,

a suitable ratio of the impedance of L1 and la must be obtained. Thus,if the impedance of L1 is too small, the effect described above takesplace; whereas if the impedance of La is too small, changes in the loadvalue will not appreciably aiect the total current wave form, andthevoltage compensating eiect for load changes will accordingly not beapparent.

What I claim is:

1. A circuit' for the purpose described, comprising a capacity elementand a plurality of saturable inductance elements, said elements beingarranged between a load and its current supply line, in series relationwith each other across the line, one of said inductance elements beingmagnetically coupled to said load.

2. A circuit for the purpose described, comprising a capacity elementand a plurality of saturable inductance elements, said elements beingarranged between a load and its current supply line, in series relationwith each other across the line, one of said inductance elements'beingin parallel relation with said load.

3. In a circuit of the class described, comprising a capacity elementand a plurality of cored inductance elements, said elements beingarranged between a load and its current supply line, in series relationwith each other across the line,

-one of said inductance elements being in magnetically coupled relationwith said load,- said elements being so proportioned, and saidinductance elements having such magnetic saturation characteristics,that the load voltage will be substantially constant for a wide range ofload current.

4. In a circuit of the class described, comprising a capacity elementand a plurality of lcored inductance elements, said elements beingarranged between a load and its current supply line, in series relationwith each other across the line, one of said inductance elements being.in parallel relation with said load, said elements being soproportioned, and said inductance elements having such magneticsaturation characteristics, that the load voltage will increase as theload current increases.

5. In a circuit of the class described, comprising a capacity elementand a plurality of cored inductance elements, said elements beingarranged between a load and its current supply line, in series relationwith each other across the line, one of said inductance elements beingin magnetically coupled relation with said load, said elements being soproportioned, and said induc- ,tance elements having such magneticsaturation characteristics, that the load voltage will be substantiallyconstantfor a wide range of load current and also be substantiallyconstant for a wide variation in applied line voltage.

6. Ina circuit of the class described, comprising a capacity element anda plurality of cored inductance elements, said elements being Aarrangedbetween a load and its current supply line, in series relation .witheach other across the line, one of said inductance elements being inparallel relation with said load, said elements being so proportioned,and said inductance elements having such magnetic saturationcharacteristics, that the load voltage will increase as the load currentincreases and will also be substantially inde pendentV of applied linevoltage. I

, CAPER'I'ON B. HORSLEY.

